By : FREDDY ILHAMSYAH PA
History has recorded that the operations of oil and gas mining in any hemisphere always be a target of oil and gas industry companies since hundreds of years ago. Because fossil energy is not only provide one kind of liquid to humans, but so many types and variety, such as crude oil (crude oil), condensate and natural gas that is processed in refineries will give birth to generations of derivatives such as gasoline, premium, premix, aviation fuel, AVGAS, diesel, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, lubricating oil, grease, asphalt, LNG, LPG and petro chemical products such as nylon fibers, plastics, paint, poison insects, fertilizer, candles, soap, ointment, synthetic rubber etc.
In particular, crude oil derived from the location of Telaga Said, District Sei Lepan, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, hundreds of years ago ever used by our predecessors as a weapon of war when the fighters in Aceh against the Portuguese Navy Fleet led by Admiral Alfonso D 'Albuquerque in a physical battle in the waters of the Malacca Strait between the island of Penang and Lhokseumawe (Pase).
Portuguese fleet is equipped with cannons and rifles of various sizes can be driven after a successful Portuguese warship sunk by the Acehnese fighters equipped only with swords, and tools rencong thrower "fireball" that the bullet made of stone wrapped in cloth dyeing liquid crude oil which is said coming from the region Telaga Said.
In addition to the aforementioned historical record, in this paper also presented a glimpse of the early entry of foreign petroleum companies to the region Langkat and a glimpse of the presence of PT Pertamina EP Region Sumatera Field Pangkalan Susu who work areas and their products is the birth of Pertamina's initial capital on 10 December 1957 at the Pangkalan Berandan (Pertamina office eks. Processing Unit - I) that there used to be Pertamina's head office is located in North Sumatra.
From the working area of Pertamina EP Field Pangkalan Susu, Pertamina was born and raised from the rubble of War II scrap metal remaining to be great like Pertamina, which you know today.
To get a clearer picture about the existence of Pangkalan Susu Field which is also part of the working area of PT Pertamina EP Region Sumatera which the main office located in Prabumulih, South Sumatra, is expected this paper to guide the young generation of Indonesia or anyone that needs to be aware of a glimpse of the history of oil and gas and mining activities that began in Telaga Said, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. With hope, may be worthwhile to add to your vocabulary knowledge and on the existence of Pertamina EP Field Pangkalan Susu from time to time.
The operations of oil and gas mining in the largest archipelagic country in this planet is one industry that has developed since the nineteenth century by Aeliko Janszoon Zijlker (inventor of the first commercial oil enough in Indonesia, which was then still called Nederlandsche Indie) , when administrators tobacco plantations "Deli Mij" it found the largest oil reserves in the Dutch East Indies on June 15, 1885, namely the well Telaga Tunggal One is now known as the Telaga Said structure in the village of Telaga Said, District Sei Lepan, Langkat regency of North Sumatra. Zijlker success in Telaga Said has outperformed its predecessor, Colonel Drake who first conduct petroleum manhunt in Java, but to no avail, so that attracts many enthusiasts to search for oil in the various regions in Indonesia, including in Cepu, Jambi, East Aceh, Palembang and East Kalimantan until the end of the century - XIX petroleum company has been operating in the Dutch East Indies (now known as Indonesia).
In subsequent developments have occurred merging several oil companies, so that at the beginning of the twentieth century there were only two major companies operating in the Dutch East Indies ie, De Koninklijke & Tranding and Shell Transport Company (Shell).
Then De Koninklijke, owned by the Dutch Government, joined Shell (Great Britain) in 1907 and the merger of two giant oil company that was born the oil company Shell Group De Koninklijke Inggerisnya or in a language known as Royal Dutch Shell, which is one - the only oil company caliber world oil mining in Indonesia. In running its business the company is to obtain full support from the Government of the Netherlands East Indies in the archipelago.
In carrying out the petroleum industry Royal Dutch Shell form three companies implementing or operating company, namely De Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) which is engaged in the exploration, production and processing. Asiatic Petroleum is engaged in the marketing and Anglo Saxon Petroleum Company specifically address the problem of oil transportation.
Since the formation of Royal Dutch Shell, De Koninklijke all concession areas and Shell conducted by BPM included in Langkat and East Aceh which is now known as the working area of PT Pertamina EP Region Sumatera.
Meanwhile, Pertamina EP Field (Exploration & Production) Pangkalan Susu is based on the Directors Decree No. Kpts - 070 / C0000 / 94-S8 May 11, l994 has been replaced as it is called the Asset Pangkalan Susu is one of two operational areas Pertamina DOH NAD - Sumbagut, namely Asset Rantau, based in Rantau, East Aceh, and Asset Pangkalan Susu, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra.
Asset Pangkalan Susu later renamed Pangkalan Susu area that is now known as Field Pangkalan Susu located about 110 km northwest of Medan, or about 24 km west town of Pangkalan Berandan is an oil and gas field of the oldest in recorded history Mining and Petroleum Industry of Indonesia, namely since the structure of the Telaga Said was found on July 31, 1876 by Aeilko Janszoon Zijlker, horticulturist tobacco "Tobacco Deli Maatschappij" the Dutch nationality. Having obtained a concession from the Sultan Langkat (Musa) on August 8, 1883, Zijlker which has brought together funding from several friends in the land of Windmills that, immediately perform the first oil well drilling in Telaga Tiga.
Efforts are made Zijlker et al. On 17 November 1884 at the well Telaga Tiga at Telaga Said structures were not produced results as expected even though the job of drilling that has been running about two months.
Oil obtained Zijlker et al. just as much as 200 liters, while the gas burst from Lake Three wells large enough, so the hope of obtaining oil in larger quantities to be gone.
However, it did not make Zijlker et al. despair. They divert their activities to the east concession area is bounded from the coast Lepan River, Mount Sentang up to Bukit Tinggi approximately 16 km south of the city of Pangkalan Berandan.
The second drilling bit difficult because the soil structure at the site Telaga Said harder when compared to soil structure at the location of Telaga Tiga. However, it is not an obstacle to Zijlker et al to continue drilling the well Telaga Tunggal which finally began to show results quite encouraging. This is evident when drilling reached a depth of about 22 meters have been obtained l710 liters of oil in just over 48 hours of work. When drilling reached a depth of 31 meters, the resulting oil has reached about 86.402 liters.
Thanks to the persistence of Zijlker cs who has spent quite a lot of money in an effort pepengeboran it, finally one day in the historic gold mining history record oil in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) occurred on June 15, 1885, when drilling reached a depth of 121 meters, arrive - came appear strong bursts of gas, water mixed with crude oil through the well hole Telaga Tunggal I therefore continued in the well drilling had stopped.
Wells Telaga Tunggal - I then stated as the first oil well in the Dutch East Indies who have the level of commercial production for more than fifteen years to reach production levels of about l80 barrels per day.
Results on the Telaga Tunggal - I have created a spirit Zijlker cs to do next drilling in the area surrounding the structure Telaga Said and whose numbers have reached hundreds of wells.
Entering 1926, NV. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappijtot Brownen In Exploitatie van Nederlandsche Indie (Royal Dutch Company) which has joined with Shell Transport & Tranding Company on February 24, 1907 in place of the Koninklijke Shell Group or the later better known as SHELL, through its subsidiaries named Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) continues to carry out the drilling business is developed starting from structure Telaga Said to structure Arubay on the Gulf coast Haru, Pangkalan Susu and Rantau structure in East Aceh. Successive oil companies combined Dutch and British have discovered several new structures including the structure of Telaga Darat (1884), Telaga Said (1885), Kepala Gajah (1900), Bukit Sentang (1927), Arubay (1927), Pulau Panjang (1928), Gebang (1936) and the structure of Paluh Tabuhan Timur (1937).
Meanwhile, since Indonesia proclaimed its independence, Pertamina and its business partners (Nosodeco) through the first Production Sharing Contract in Indonesia has succeeded in developing Paluh Tabuhan Timur structure with as many as l5 drill wells and produce about 253,600 m3 of crude oil per year (1961-1962).
With these successes, the company grew so keen to find new oil reserves such as the structure of wasp Paluh West (1970-MOI), Wampu, former BPM l950 (l972), Diski (1973), Batu Mandi (1973), Besitang (1977) , Securai (1981), Polonia (1983), Pantai Pakam Timur (1984), Sungai Buluh (1984), Pulau Sembilan (1985), Tungkam (1988), Pulau Rawa (1980), Paluh Sipat (1993) and Paluh Sane (1994).
Until the year 2006 as many as 990 wells have been drilled in the region of PT Pertamina EP Field Pangkalan Susu, spread in 37 structures, there were 87 producing wells, and the rest in deferred status.
While the working area of PT Pertamina EP Field Pangkalan Susu in North Sumatra Province recorded an area of approximately 14.211.74 Km2, which includes areas Langkat controlled by Pertamina is an area of 8.377.586.37 m2 rest are in Deli Serdang District, Region City Government Binjai and the city of Medan.
Pertamina EP Field Pangkalan Susu oil and gas reserves in the North Sumatra basin. The basin is a Tertiary basin in parts of Northeast restricted Sunda Shelf, south of Bow Asahan restricted and limited in southwest Bukit Barisan Mountains.
North Sumatra Basin there is accumulation of oil and gas as it has been produced in the Field Pangkalan Susu, Rantau Field, Arun field and so forth.
According to data topography said that the North Sumatra basin formation occurred after the tectonic movements at the end of time Misosoikum or prior to the deposition of Tertiary sediments.
Konvergern movements occurred in the late tertiary and produce hollow shapes round and elongated northwest trending to the southeast.
The process of sediment deposition that occurred during the Tertiary, in general begins with transgressions and regressions followed after is at the maximum depth. Then followed also by the movement - a movement of tectonic movement in the late Tertiary oblique konvergern as part of a regional tectonic movement at the time.
In North Sumatra Basin there are two patterns of structure, namely the time of Pre Tertiary and Upper Tertiary (Plio Pleistocene), the patterns are structurally similar to the general structural pattern found in the basin back-arc basin along the Sumatra Island.
In the North Sumatra basin there are also the sediments from the sediment surface, and deep-sea transition that occurs through the process of transgressions.
The process of transgressions have shaped deposits coarse grained clastic rocks and smooth, rock black clay, marl, clay rocks, limestone and shale, all precipitated and is located not in harmony over the Pre-Tertiary rocks.
Stratigraphy
Talking about the stratigraphy can be explained as follows:
North Sumatra basin sediments occurs starting at the Oligocene-Early, in the form of coarse clastic sedimentary rocks above pratesier rock formations known as Prapat. Meanwhile, on clay rock formations Prapat black precipitate which is then referred to as the formation Bampo.
Meanwhile, when trasgresi sea to the top and stopped at the Early Miocene, the deposition of tuffaceous rocks that contain lots of planktonic foraminitera called Peutu formation.
While in the eastern basin formation there Peutu Belumai sediment formation which developed into two classical and carbonate sedimentary facies.
The deposition was continued until the Middle Miocene with the deposition of the shale formations on which Baong diendapan Keutapang formation, and formation Seureula and Julok Rayeuk which is a type of regression.
In the position is not in tune, on top of Toba tuff and alluvium deposited as illustrated in the diagram Stratigraphi North Sumatra basin.
Can be added here that the oil and gas contained in the working area of the Asset Pangkalan Susu produced from the middle layer of sandstone formations Baong (MBS) and the bottom layer of sand formations Keutapang.
As an illustration can be explained here that the formation Baong generally fine grained sand, massive, contain minerals glankonit, clean with moderate to good porosity. While on a thin layer, generally grained, clay, porosity and shale ugly.
Group of layers of sandstone in the middle of the formation Baong Besitang structure and Paluh Tabuhan Barat called Besitang River capable of producing oil and gas.
While the Keutapang formation was deposited under conditions neritik in until marin and is a productive zone in the structure of Gebang, Paluh Tabuhan Timur and Pulau Panjang structure.
Structural Geology
After briefly presented on Stratigraphy, so now will be presented on the geological structure in the working area of Pertamina Field Pangkalan Susu. Geological structure in this region is characterized by anticline structure with a northwest southeast. While in the Northeast in the form of anticline with the axis lies on the coast of the Straits of Malacca with a peak in the Gebang structure and Paluh Tabuhan Timur structure.
Meanwhile, another anticline, to South West, which is a long anticline with a peak in the structure Securai and Long Island. While leading on the Southwest anticline West wasp with a peak in the structure Paluh Tabuhan Timur and anticline with a peak in the Besitang structure.
Fault in the form of a normal fault and reverse fault in this area. Normal fault is usually parallel to the fold axis but there are several leading North East and South West. Reverse fault as in the Northeast Besitang estimated associated with shale diapir.
Shale intrusions were common in the North Sumatra basin. Flakes of Keutapang formation. Often associated anticline intrusive and shale is estimated as a media for migration of hydrocarbons from shale rock formations originally in Baong into Keutapang formation.
The existence of folds and diapir as described above, the possibility is related to block faulting in the rock bottom that can be identified as the main mechanism of the North Sumatra basin.
As noted in previous sheet that from 1884 to 1998 for the working area of the Field Pangkalan Susu've done as much as 37 contained in the hydrocarbon structure Langkat (Gebang structure, Paluh Tabuhan Barat, Paluh Tabuhan Timur, Pulau Panjang etc.) and Deli Serdang (Hamparan Perak structure) and in the vicinity of Kota Binjai (Wampu structure) and Medan (Polonia structure).
As one of the field exploration and production in the operations of PT Pertamina EP Region Sumatera based in Prabumulih, Pertamina EP Field Pangkalan Susu has a great share in maintaining the existence of Pertamina EP in North Sumatra, particularly in terms of procurement of oil and gas - even though today oil and gas production has been declining due to natural factors because most of the oil and gas fields have been elderly (brown fields), - especially regarding the inclusion of PAD (revenue) for Langkat regency of North Sumatra and a large well of oil and gas revenues as well as tax and VAT PPH. Billions of dollars have been paid by Pertamina EP to the local government. Example for PPH tax and VAT in the year of 2007 have been paid amounting to Rp 35.580.508.150, - and for 2008 (the period from January to September) was recorded at Rp 32.907.430.839, - exceeding paid in the same period in 2007 which recorded only Rp 16.082.810 902, -
As for the smooth delivery of oil and gas from wells - oil and gas wells that dot the productive structures to the Tank Meters and shelters in Tank Yard, Hill Khayangan, Pangkalan Susu which will be distributed to the UP-I refinery fuel and refinery Berandan Base others, including the delivery of gas to PLN, PGN and so on, in Field Pangkalan Susu there are as many as 6 (six) Station Collectors / Compressor Station (SP / SK) equipped with 32 units of compressors of various types and sizes. Of this amount recorded only 6 units in operation (PML data in October 2008). Compressor-compressor is used to serve the oil and gas supplies from existing structures in the Field Rantau, Aceh Tamiang and of existing structures in the Field Base Milk to be stored in Tank Yard, Hill Khayangan, Pangkalan Susu or directly sent or shipped to the refinery fuel Cilacap or to-tail feather tail feather Balikpapan using tankers through SBM (Single Bouy Mooring) located about 31 km off the coast of the Gulf of Aru near the Strait of Malacca.
For additional information may be explained here that Pangkalan Susu Special Oil & Gas Port was built by the Dutch in 1898 is an oil exporting port of the first and oldest in Indonesia that its waters are not accessible to large tankers, then built Single Bouy Mooring offshore Gulf Haru, Subregency Pangkalan Susu, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, a miniature can be seen in the form of monument on the banks of the turnpike Sumatra, precisely at Simpang Tiga Pangkalan Susu. Desa Lubuk Kasih, District of West Berandan, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, which is the only entrance to the town of Pangkalan Susu (Center Field Offices of PT Pertamina EP Pangkalan Susu).
Talking about environmental protection, remains a top priority Pertamina to handle it seriously, and this is already a commitment of Pertamina since the establishment of the Coordinating Agency for Environmental Protection (BKLL) on June 7, 1973. BKLL formation can also be interpreted as a declaration of commitment to the national petroleum industry activity.
Meanwhile, to increase knowledge and understanding of the workers and pekarya (labor contract) including partners and business partners about the importance of environmental protection, then periodically Pertamina offered an opportunity for the oil man to attend training programs and courses including those related to health and safety issues and training techniques to extinguish the fire burning (Fire Fighting Technique), exploisidemo and so forth. It also provided a place of business practices and training of fire prevention and suppression of fire in the Fire Training Ground, Pangkalan Susu.
Strictly speaking, the problem of environmental protection, health and safety had always been applied in all operational functions of Pertamina.
For example the implementation of efforts to save the environment and safety protection at each site drilling oil and gas wells are also available special shelters for mud drilling wastes and remains of the oil spill from drilling equipment and so forth. It is also equipped with fire fighting equipment and gas leak detectors.
Meanwhile, to anticipate the danger of fire at the complex office and employee housing, including a fire at the location of oil and gas wells and fires in an urban environment community, Pertamina EP Field Pangkalan Susu also provide some units of fire trucks are stationed in the Office of KK/LL Pangkalan Susu. "Nothing works better than at work" means, if there's disaster work. That's the motto for Fire Extinguisher Fire officials in Pangkalan Susu Field.
As a State Owned Company which is engaged in oil and gas mining, the second best in Asean, Pertamina in carrying out the exploration activities of oil and gas resources are generally conducted in the area of tidal marshes, so that inevitably, the role of heavy equipment vehicles such as bulldozers, payloader, graders, dump trucks, Backho, trado, scanners and scammel much needed when opening new drilling locations.
To take care of heavy equipment and vehicles including maintenance and repair other machines, in the Field Base Milk is also available which is also a mechanical workshop equipped with lathes and so on.
Meanwhile, to carry out oil and gas well drilling is across the mainland Pangkalan Susu like Pulau Panjang and surrounding areas, at the Pangkalan Susu Field is also available a landing craft unit, tug boats and several units of speedboat.
Meanwhile, to support the smooth operation and functions of inter-regional communication between operations, between workers/pekarya who served in the drilling and in the SP/SK, at the Pangkalan Susu Field is also available facilities and telecommunication facilities, for example, Radio Multi & Single Channel, Base Repeater, Handy Talky, Two Way Radio, Central PABX, device internal network, PT Telkom phone line, and LAN (Local Area Net Work).
As a State-owned enterprise vital that until now still be relied upon as the backbone for the procurement of the PAD (Regional original Income) and the input of foreign exchange for the State, including as a supplier of fuel and gas for the community, the stamina and fitness of the workers and the environment pekarya (labor contract) PT Pertamina EP Field Pangkalan Susu should remain in prime condition.
For this purpose other than a public clinic, at the Field Base Milk also contained Sports Stadium (anno 1974) in Bukit Kunci the most comprehensive in North Sumatra and even the stadium has been used several times for football competitions local and national level.
In addition to the soccer field and athletics, in the vicinity of Key Hill Sports Stadium field there are also several Tennis, Basketball, Volly, badminton and mini golf course there is also a building meeting Petro Ria Bukit Kunci and Guest House in Bukit Khayangan, Pangkalan Susu.
Meanwhile, to improve the quality of human resources, HR Function PT Pertamina EP Field Pangkalan Susu continuously send the workers (employees of Pertamina) to attend courses and training in various disciplines including on Selection and Maintenance of Electrical Transformer, Cost Accounting, & Cathodic Corrosion Protection, Traffict & Nework Management, Well Completion and Work over, Public Relations Strategies, Centrifugal Pump Operation and Maintenance, Cost Control and Budgeting & forth. For the year 2008 (January-September) has been noted that as many as 60 times the workers on the course / training in Kilkenny, Prabumulih, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Bandung and Semarang.
In addition to implementing quality improvement programs of human resources for workers Pertamina, the HR function also provides an opportunity for students, high school students and street vendors in sederjat to carry out related functions. For 2008, there were 88 students and students who follow them from street vendors ITB, ITS, State Polytechnic of Jakarta, UISU, ITM, UMI, IAIN, UMSU, STM YPT Pangkalan Brandan, STM Binjai and SMEA Pangkalan Susu.
In line with the issuance of Law no. 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Natural Gas dated 23 November 2001 and the enactment of the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 31 of 2003 on the Transfer of Going Pertamina (Persero) on June 18, 2003, then through a Deed Janis Lenny Isaac, SH dated September 17, 2003, Pertamina has officially changed its status from a Limited Liability Company owned PT Pertamina (Persero).
Pertamina and its meaning changes logo
Thought for the logo change Pertamina actually already appeared in 1976, but changes can not be done in a hurry. Many of the challenges and differences of opinion about the discourse to change the logo of Pertamina.
Disagreement about the idea to change the logo must be understood because Pertamina Pertamina logo that we have known since 1968 to have an emotional bond when Pertamina confirmed through Law No. 8 of 1971, a logo that formed in 1968 also confirmed by Director Decree No.914/Kpts/DR/DU/1972.
When the restructuring program initiated in 1994, people have not realized that Pertamina began to change gradually until on 17 September 2003 were turned into state-owned companies. The changes are still rolling.
Over the past 37 years we know the logo of a pair of seahorses flanking a five-star as the identity of Pertamina. The logo is so familiar and easy to be seen everywhere, for example at filling stations and oil tankers and LPG are passing through to remote areas.
Now the logo of a pair of "Sea Horse" has been replaced with a new logo in the form of letters P which represent the overall shape of an arrow with three colors, namely red, blue and green.
Copyright New Logo Pertamina has been registered and approved by the Directorate of Copyright, Industrial Designs, Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits & Trade Secret, the Department of Justice and Human Rights by Letter Creation Registration No.028344 dated October 10, 2005.
Even two years to switch from state-owned Pertamina into Limited Liability Company (PT) on September 17, 2003 as menyahuti contents contents of the Law No.22 of 2001 on Mining Companies Oil and Gas (Pertamina), then on September 17, 2005 PT Pertamina (Persero) as the Holding Company has established a sub-holding company called PT Pertamina EP, led by Managing Director, Kun Kurnely.
Commencing from the signing of the Cooperation Contract (KKS) between BP Migas and PT Pertamina (Persero) and PT Pertamina EP on September 17, 2005, the entire former WKP (Mining Area) Pertamina, outside block Cepu and Randugunting, switch to PT Pertamina management EP. Especially for WKP Pertamina in Sumatra Island is managed by PT Pertamina EP Region Sumatera.
While the Decree of the President Director of PT Pertamina EP No.Kpts P-020/EP0000/2006-S8 January 13, 2006, then starting from February 7, 2006, PT Pertamina EP Region Sumatera has formed and led by a Vice President, Setyoko Misman ( first vice president) in charge of 6 (six) areas of operation, namely Rantau Area, Pangkalan Susu Area, Jambi Area, Area lyrics, Prabumulih Area, and Pendopo Area, each headed by Area Manager (later changed to the name with the Field Manager), and 2 (two) Business Unit, Pertamina EP (Jambi) and Pertamina EP (Limau) led by General Manager.
With the Decree of the president director of Pertamina EP above, then the administration DOH NAD - Sumbagut has been divided into 2 (two) Field, the Field Rantau to areas of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and Field Pangkalan Susu for North Sumatra. Each field directly related to the Sumatra Region Headquarters in Prabumulih - South Sumatra.
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